فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی سیاستگذاری عمومی
پیاپی 41 (زمستان 1400)

The Journal of Strategic Studies in Public Policy is on the verge of its twelfth year and has published 40 issues so far. Published under the auspices of the Presidential Center for Strategic Studies, this journal is in line with the center's tasks and missions (including reviewing, reviewing, analyzing, and providing policy advice in the field of public policy to the government), high-quality research articles, reports, and policy reviews. It publishes specific and executive policy implications with an interdisciplinary approach, focusing on the following thematic areas.Economic policy; Public and financial education policy; Science, Technology and Innovation Policy; Industrial policy / industrial development strategy; Welfare policy, social justice, poverty alleviation and health; Social policy, population and culture; Cyberspace policy and digital transformation; Environmental policy and sustainable development.

Iranian cinema has a governmental origin and so far we can find all kinds of positive and negative confrontations between policymakers and filmmakers. An important part of these confrontations has been effective in identifying problems and shaping the agenda of policy makers in cinema. Important factor in the policy-making in an individual-centered system is the issue of personality that influences these confrontations. In this study, by asking the question of how the state acts as the main player in the policy-making process in the face of problems in the field of cinema, the dimensions of the problem and the policy maker’s personality are examined. And typology of the different types of responsiveness and expectation in the field of policy making has adapted by using a behavioral model in developmental psychology. In this adaptation, characteristics were drawn for the four types of "authoritarian", "authoritative or decisive", " unengaged” and " permissive " in the field of policy-making, and then by using a survey method and designing a closed questionnaire, Necessary data were collected from 53 people related to Iranian cinema. The findings of the study indicate that the general approach of policy makers in Iranian cinema in choosing a problem or solution is based on "the urgency of the problem" and "external pressure" and "doing something in the management period". And, somewhat contrary to them, "Paying attention to the needs of filmmakers" is less of a concern for policy makers in Iranian cinema.

The gas shortage in the winter of 2020, as well as the supply-demand mismatch in the coming years, will require investment in gas field development along with demand-side management policies. The National Iranian Oil Company's internal financial resources are insufficient for the development of gas fields due to the company's low share of oil and gas sales profits, and it requires to attract investors through risky service contracts. The high capital cost of developing particular fields, including the low richness-low condensate- of the produced gas, prevents complete repayment from exported condensate, especially in the case of sanctions with a 50% cost recovery cap. Consequently, IPC contract modeling was used to examine five major parameters affecting the gas field development economy: capital cost, quality of gas produced, condensate rice, cost recovery cap, and natural gas price. The proposed financial relationship is provided by picking the ideal value of the two parameters of the cost recovery and gas price for a combination of three additional factors.

Sub-Saharan African Countries have abundant natural resources even oil and gas, which potentially relieve their economies of poverty. African oil and gas producers in sub-Saharan Africa have adopted and implemented national policies to promote sustainable and comprehensive economic development through the oil and gas industries. These policies have been inefficient or less efficient, mainly due to political instability, poor infrastructure, corruption, lack of technology, lack of capital investments, and policy inconsistencies. Using a case study method, this paper presents evidence that national policies are not appropriate and sufficient for the development of oil and gas countries in sub-Saharan Africa. This article reviews the status of energy legislation and policy from two aspects; Kenya's domestic policy and the policy of the East African region with a focus on Kenya as a future hub for oil and gas production and exports. It then concludes that developing countries must adopt and implement regional policy in a broader context, such as regional economic blocs. Through a regional approach, regions such as the East African Community can provide funding mechanisms and educational facilities through the integration of economies. This enables the domestic markets to benefit from an equal distribution of benefits through the oil and gas industry by observing the principles of justice, i.e. recognizing all stakeholders.

The corona virus will affect various aspects of human life in 2020. Politically, two important pillars of neoliberalism, globalization and privatization, have been challenged. So, the main question is, what effect did Corona have on neoliberalism? The privatization mainly intended to reduce public expenditures and also limit the role of central governments in internal and international economy in order to facilitate the move of goods and service throughout the world to strengthen the role and activity of international companies. Also, privatization gives priority to profitability and gaining income, instead of social morality and protectionist policies of public sector. On the other hand, privatization looks for maximizing profits and incomes when arrived in vital aspects of public life such as health, treatment, education, transportation, water supply and electricity. the privatization weakened these sectors especially health and treatment that paved the road to spread pandemic and the merchandised souls trying to increase profit who are prevented neoliberal countries to take effective steps in order to fight and control pandemic. The re-emphasis on health security in the critique of neoliberal policies and the importance of theoretical perspectives on post-Washington consensus and institutionalism as a theoretical model of research and research hypothesis were evaluated descriptively-analytically. This situation maybe suggests considerable revision in neoliberalism, return to welfare state and also more centralized governing.

Given that the goals and actions of the US, directly and indirectly, affect Iran's interests, it is necessary to review the strategic documents and understand the perceptions of this actor. Therefore, the research question is, how is the content of the strategic documents of the US? The nature of this descriptive-analytical research is from type a qualitative case study and the method of qualitative content analysis has been used to investigate the subject. The statistical population of this project is the recent strategic documents of the US. To investigate this issue, an attempt has been made to extract basic concepts from the existing literature and strategic documents. The five main categories used in this study include "Strategic Perspective", "Interests and Objectives", "Threats", "Tools" and "Methods of Action", and the number of sub-categories 14 and sub-categories of level two 58 is the case. Findings from a review of US strategic documents show that this actor sees the world as highly competitive. The US focus is on "improving diplomatic capabilities and role-playing by emphasizing the sharing the burden of responsibility" and "improving military capability and military cooperation" in threats of "military- below-conventional threat and non-military- violent and non-violent threat" in tools to "military and diplomatic tools," and in how to use the tools, is in the approach to "preparation and Induce" and in methods of action "unilateralism or false multilateralism".

One of the most important areas of decision-making in the field of energy diplomacy is to trade and transit of energy carriers aiming to boosting international political security. Among various energy resources, natural gas is the main topic of this article due to high mutual dependence it created between interested parties. Using meta-analysis method and examining upstream documents and natural gas trade statistics of Iran and some of its regional competitors, this article analyzed the current challenges of Iran natural gas diplomacy and presented the corresponding solutions. So far, the main approach in Iran's natural gas diplomacy has been exporting this clean fossil fuel. Focusing solely on gas exporting no longer serves Iran's interests. The reasons are enormous; we challenge three of such. Firstly, the emergence of new gas production and consumption hubs in the region, increased geographical importance of Iran and the opportunities to playing a role in gas transit. Secondly, there are alternative routes try to ease Iran's advantage in gas transit and thirdly, increasing the gap between Iran's natural gas supply and demand. Therefore, Iran's natural gas diplomacy policy will cope with sort of opportunities and threats such as geographical importance due to the growth of gas production and consumption in the region and the threat of inability to meet domestic natural gas demand. Thus, exporting-natural-gas as the only strategy for the coming years should be reframed. What is argued is the export-import policy of gas and electricity could be taken into account together as an alternative.

In today's world, despite significant advances in various fields and technology, public issues are among the most complex issues. Non-governmental think tanks use academic and executive elites in various specialties to analyze public issues and offer solutions to solve them. Given the important role of these centers in the policy-making process and on the other hand their financial and organizational independence from the government, the need to identify the factors affecting their effectiveness is important. This research is based on an exploratory mixed-method which in the qualitative part, after conducting semi-structured interviews, these factors were identified through thematic analysis, and then in the quantitative part, they were prioritized using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). In this study, 28 factors were identified and prioritized in 7 comprehensive categories, which are: "governance factors", "Political factors", "Specialized competencies of think tanks", "Human resource management factors of think tanks", "Organizational factors", "Media factors", "Economic factors".

In today's world, the issue of partnership with the private sector by governments is a solution to meet public needs. This partnership was pursued in various areas, including the proper protection and use of historic buildings. In our country, the plan of public-private participation in the field of historical buildings in recent years - due to the wide and scattered range of historical buildings in the country - has been considered. One of the participating buildings as a successful example is the Ameri House. Hence, the study is an attempt to identify the concepts involved in the subject of public-private participation in the field of historical buildings - in particular the Ameri House. To achieve this, a case study method was used. Data collection for further deepening was done in using extensive data tools such as interviewing, viewing and taking notes and reviewing documents. Outputs obtained from multiple data sources were analyzed in Maxqda10 software. Among these, several concepts under the categories of participation mechanism, building characteristics, stakeholders, goals, tasks of each sector, interests of each sector, technological-communication factors, socio-cultural factors, legal-legal factors, financial-economic factors , Environmental factors and political-governmental factors were identified.

So far, development programs have been examined from several perspectives.The present study, which has been conducted with a quantitative and qualitative mixed approach, examines these programs from the perspective of intergenerational justice in the energy sector (with emphasis on the oil and gas industry).In this study, after library studies and specialized interviews, indicators were designed to achieve the goal of international justice in the energy sector and were accredited by experts in this field, while these indicators were ranked using the Topsis method.Then, in the form of a focus group, a detailed study of development programs and the number of clauses that directly or indirectly refer to the issue of international justice in the energy sector with emp behasis on oil and gas were discussed. Re-validating the clauses and adapting them to the priorities obtained was another step in this research.The results of the present study show that development programs from the perspective of intergenerational justice in the energy sector during the first to sixth programs have addressed the issue with different approaches and priorities, and of course later programs have been more accurate and comprehensive, while The most important difference in this trend has been the importance of paying attention to the cost of oil revenues in the final programs.

The Western family has undergone serious changes since the 1950s, which are now known as the "second demographic transition." One of the most important explanations for these changes is the theory of “ideational shift” by Lesthaeghe and others that emphasizes the changes from materialist values to post materialist values as the main factor in what is considered “less family” and the continuation of these trends with the expansion of this set of values. But recent evidence shows that in Nordic Europe, which is in the vanguard of embracing post-materialist values, the "less family" has stalled and even reversed. But recent evidence shows that in Nordic Europe, which are in the vanguard of embracing post-materialist values, the "less family" has stalled and even reversed. Based on this evidence, alternative explanations such as "Gender Revolution" and "gender-egalitarian equilibrium" are presented with emphasis on structural and institutional conditions. Secondary analysis of the data of the fifth wave of the "Study of European Values" shows that the existing trends are more in line with these new theories. According to studies, the main reason for the change in trends in Northern Europe is the adaptation of family relationships and public policies to changing gender roles and the orientation of social policies to support the family and its adaptation to new structural and economic conditions. Policies referred to in this article as "Family Supportive-Adaptive Policies".

This study tries to extract and prioritize strategies for achieving scientific leadership in Iranbased on the country’s upstream documents. This research is applied in terms of purposeand descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Common strategies and measuresto achieve the leadership extract using the method of document mining analyzed thecontent of documents related to science and technology and examine their interactionand communication with a questionnaire from experts in this field and to analyze thefindings, used the approach of “interpretive structural modeling”. According to findings,some strategies are strongly influenced by the advancement of other measures, so thatthe output and consequences of attention to other strategies will lead to the followingachievements, these strategies including: “Improving educational programs and methodsand improving the quality and quantity of research centers and activities.” And “Developmentand strengthening of national and transnational communication networksbetween universities, scientific centers, scientists and researchers, and technology developmentand innovation firms.” Accurate focus on some strategies such as “promoting thedesired level of science production” and “improving the productivity of human resourcesof scientific and research institutes” will pave the way for achieving the desired positionin the field of science and technology on an international scale.

One of the Saudi government's ongoing approaches to controlling the Islamic Republic of Iran from within is to exploit cyberspace and establish satellite TV channels and other media to reach the Iranian people. At the same time, the Islamic Republic of Iran has made less effort to address the Saudi people and elites and to improve their attitude towards Iran and its policies and actions, which are influenced by the media policies of the Saudi rulers. Based on the present article, it tries to answer the main question that if the Islamic Republic of Iran wants to activate its public diplomacy against Saudi Arabia, what strategies can it adopt to improve the attitude of the Saudi people and elites towards Iran. Due to the exploratory nature of the article, no hypothesis has been considered in answering this question. Qualitative data obtained from library resources and interviews were coded using MAXQDA 2020 software and the basis for preparing a questionnaire; Findings from the distribution of the questionnaire among the statistical sample were subjected to appropriate statistical tests with two softwares: SMART-PLS and SPSS. The use of expert opinion has been validated. Apart from trying to highlight the strengths of Iran's domestic politics for the Saudi audience, one of the important strategies designed is to try to repair the attitude of the Saudi people and experts towards the Iranian support for Palestine and the cause of the liberation of Jerusalem.